Prisys Biotech: Pioneering Preclinical Pharmacology with Non-Human Primate Models
Prisys Biotech is a leading Contract Research Organization (CRO) specializing in preclinical pharmacology using non-human primates (NHPs). With advanced animal disease models and cutting-edge imaging technologies, Prisys Biotech supports pharmaceutical and biotech companies in drug discovery and development. Our innovative research solutions help clients generate critical data for clinical trial success.
Selecting the Right Non-Human Primate for Toxicology Studies
Choosing the appropriate NHP species is critical for the success of toxicological studies. Commonly used species include the cynomolgus macaque (Macaca fascicularis), rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta), and marmoset (Callithrix jacchus). Each species has unique biological and physiological characteristics that make them suitable for specific research applications.
Cynomolgus Macaque
The cynomolgus macaque is the most widely used NHP in preclinical toxicology studies due to its smaller size, which reduces the required test material. It is the preferred model for reproductive toxicity studies, owing to its reproductive characteristics and developmental similarities to humans.
Key Advantages:
- Year-Round Breeding: Cynomolgus macaques breed year-round with a menstrual cycle of approximately 28 days.
- Reproductive and Developmental Parallels to Humans: These similarities make them ideal for studies on fertility and embryonic development.
- Genetic Diversity: They originate from distinct populations (Indochina, Asian islands, and Mauritius) with unique genetic traits. Prisys Biotech leverages this diversity to select the most appropriate research subjects for each study.
| Cynomolgus macaque (Macaca fascicularis) | Rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta) | Marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Size (cm), range | 44-53 | 47-53 | 18.5-18.8 |
| Weight (kg), range | 4.1-7.0 | 5.3-7.7 | 0.24-0.26 |
| Blood volume (mL/kg) | 65 | 55 | 70 |
| Respiration rate (breaths/ min), mean ± SD | 36 ± 13 | 51 ± 15 | 101 ± 14 |
| Tidal volume (mL) | 46 ± 6 | 39 ± 11 | 0.98 ± 0.1 |
| Heart rate (beats/min) | 123 ± 30 | 174 ± 27 | 400 ± 45 |
| PT (s) | 12.1 ± 1.1 | 14.5 ± 0.9 | 6.7 ± 0.5 |
| Gamma GT (U/L; male) | 70.5 ± 16 | 76.5 ± 16.7 | 5.1 ± 4.3 |
| ALT (U/L; male) | 55.3 ± 30.9 | 59 ± 22.4 | 3 ± 2.4 |
| Reproductive physiology | Like human physiology | Like human seasonality | Different from human (males and females) |
| Sexual maturity | Females: 2.5-3 years Males: > 4 yearsa |
Females: 3 years Males: > 4 yearsa |
17-20 months |
| Menstrual cycle (days) | 28 ± 5 | 28 ± 5 only 3-6 months per year | 24-30 days (polyestrous, up to 4) |
| Gestation duration (days) | 134-184 | 164 | 140-150 |
| Litter size (n) | 1 | 1 | 1-3 (usually twins) |
| Birth weight (g) | 320 | 480-520 | 25-35 |
| Interbirth interval (months) | 15 ± 5 | 14 | 6 |
| Reproductive toxicology | Well established | Well established | Partially established |
| Developmental toxicology | Well established | Well established | Partially established |
| Palate fusion (gestational days) | 45-50 | 45-50 | 75-80 |
ALT, alkaline phosphatase; gamma GT, gamma glutamyl transferase; PT, prothrombin time.
- a
-
Males may not be able to reproduce until 6-8 years of age.
Cauvin, Annick J. et al. "Advantages and Limitations of Commonly Used Nonhuman Primate Species in Research and Development of Biopharmaceuticals." The Nonhuman Primate in Nonclinical Drug Development and Safety Assessment (2015): 379 - 395.
Rhesus Macaque
Rhesus macaques have historically been used in biomedical research due to their anatomical and physiological similarities to humans. They remain valuable models for infection and immune response studies.
Key Attributes:
- Genomic Insights: The rhesus macaque genome was sequenced in 2007, revealing gene sequences that mirror certain human disease mutations.
- Seasonal Breeding: They breed only between September and February, making reproductive studies more challenging.
- Limited Use in Toxicology: Due to their larger size and seasonal breeding, they are less frequently used in toxicology studies, having been gradually replaced by cynomolgus macaques.
Marmoset
Native to Brazil, marmosets are New World monkeys with significant differences in reproductive physiology compared to Old World monkeys and humans.
Notable Characteristics:
- Reproductive Peculiarities: They lack menstrual bleeding, exhibit multiple ovulations, and naturally have twin pregnancies.
- Limited Usage: Marmosets are less commonly used in toxicology studies unless they are the only relevant species for a specific research objective.
Prisys Biotech's NHP Research Expertise
Prisys Biotech offers a comprehensive range of preclinical research services using NHP models, specializing in the following therapeutic areas:
- Central Nervous System (CNS) Disorders: Leveraging real-time MRI-compatible brain injection systems and convection-enhanced delivery (CED) technology for models studying stroke, Alzheimer's, and other neurodegenerative diseases.
- Respiratory Diseases: Developing models for asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and other pulmonary conditions.
- Bleeding and Clotting Disorders: Providing advanced models for Hemophilia A, intracerebral hemorrhagic stroke, and other hemostatic conditions.
Advanced Research Technologies
Prisys Biotech integrates advanced imaging technologies and AI-driven behavioral analysis platforms, using high-speed cameras and deep learning algorithms to capture multi-dimensional data. These innovations ensure minimal stress on animals and provide high-resolution insights for accurate research outcomes.
Why Choose Prisys Biotech?
- Scientific Excellence: A highly skilled team with expertise in pharmacology and disease modeling.
- Ethical and Welfare Compliance: Commitment to humane treatment and adherence to international guidelines.
- Tailored Solutions: Custom research protocols designed to meet client-specific needs.
Prisys Biotech is dedicated to accelerating drug development through scientifically rigorous and ethically conducted preclinical research. Our advanced animal disease models and state-of-the-art technologies provide essential data for the development of life-saving therapies.
