T Cell Dependent Antibody Response(TDAR) Model

Learn about T cell dependent Antibody Response (TDAR), a non-contagious autoimmune disease characterized by patches of abnormal skin, also known as Psoriasis. Explore its causes, symptoms, types, and the advantages of using a non-human primate (NHP) model for research and development of new treatments.

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Product Introduction

T cell dependent Antibody Response (TDAR), is an immune-mediated, genetic disease manifesting in the skin or joints or both. It is long-lasting, non-contagious autoimmune disease characterized by patches of abnormal skin.

Causes:

Psoriasis is generally thought to be a genetic disease that is triggered by environmental factors. Psoriasis has been associated with HLA-Cw6 allele; generalised pustular psoriasis has been linked to CARD14 mutation; CDKAL1 has been associated with psoriasis.

T cell dependent Antibody Response (TDAR) Causes

Mild trauma such as scratches, piercing, tattoos, sunburn, and chemical irritants are considered as trigger factors.

Central mechanisms of the disease involves the cross-talk between innate and adaptive immunity and the central role of TNFα; the IL23/Th17 axis, and the effect of immune reactions on other cells in the skin.

Disease symptoms:

These areas are red, pink, or purple, dry, itchy, and scaly. Psoriasis varies in severity from small localized patches to complete body coverage. Injury to the skin can trigger psoriatic skin changes at that spot, which is known as the Koebner phenomenon.

The five main types of psoriasis are plaque, guttate, inverse, pustular, and erythrodermic. Plaque psoriasis, also known as psoriasis vulgaris, makes up about 90% of cases. It typically presents as red patches with white scales on top. Areas of the body most affected are the back of the forearms, shins, navel area, and scalp. Guttate psoriasis has drop-shaped lesions. Pustular psoriasis presents as small, noninfectious, pus-filled blisters. Inverse psoriasis forms red patches in skin folds. Erythrodermic psoriasis occurs when the rash becomes very widespread and can develop from any of the other types. Fingernails and toenails are affected in most people with psoriasis at some point in time. This may include pits in the nails or changes in nail color.

Advantages of NHP T Cell Dependent Antibody Response(TDAR) Model

Due to the high degree of similarity exists between the immune systems of human and non-human primate species, monkey models are of utmost value in evaluation the effects of interventional compounds for human immune system.
The psoriasis model in cynomolgus monkey is a low invasive and non-terminal model induced by imiquimod topical application.
Monkey psoriasis model is useful in pre-clinical development of new morbidity biologicals.